/swift-language

Swift Attributes and C Interoperability

Attributes and interoperability features for Swift. Covers C-calling-convention export, module disambiguation, performance annotations, and symbol visibility control.

Contents

• C Interoperability — @c Attribute
• Module Selectors
• Performance Annotations
• Symbol Visibility and Layout

C Interoperability — @c Attribute

For functions, the @c attribute (SE-0495) marks a Swift declaration for direct C-calling-convention export. The function becomes callable from C, C++, and Objective-C without bridging headers or @_cdecl.

@c(MyLib_processBuffer)
public func processBuffer(_ buffer: UnsafePointer<UInt8>?, _ count: Int32) -> Int32 {
    guard let buffer else { return 0 }
    return buffer.pointee == 0 ? 0 : count
}

Requirements:

• Parameters and return types must be C-compatible (primitives, pointers, tuples of C-compatible types)
• No Swift-only types (String, Array, UnsafeBufferPointer, closures, generic placeholders, etc.) in the signature
• The function must be a module-level free function (not a method)
• Use @c(CustomName) when the C symbol should differ from the Swift function name
• SE-0495 also supports @c enums with C-compatible integer raw types; this section focuses on function export

Module Selectors

SE-0491 adds ModuleName::symbolName syntax to disambiguate identically named symbols from different modules without import aliasing.

import NetworkingA
import NetworkingB

// Both modules export a top-level `configure()` function
func setup() {
    NetworkingA::configure()
    NetworkingB::configure()
}

// Works with types too
let client: NetworkingA::Client = .init()

Performance Annotations

@specialized

SE-0460 makes @specialized an official attribute (previously underscored as @_specialize). Forces the compiler to emit a specialized version of a generic function for specific concrete types.

@specialized(where T == Int)
@specialized(where T == Double)
func sum<T: Numeric>(_ values: [T]) -> T {
    values.reduce(.zero, +)
}

@inline(always) Guarantee

SE-0496 makes @inline(always) a guaranteed inlining request for direct function references. Previously it was a hint the compiler could ignore. A compilation error is now emitted when the compiler can prove direct-call inlining is impossible (e.g., recursive calls).

@inline(always)
func fastPath(_ x: Int) -> Int {
    x &+ 1  // Guaranteed for direct calls that can be inlined
}

The guarantee does not apply to dynamic calls through first-class function values, protocol values, generic constraints, or non-final class dispatch.

Symbol Visibility and Layout

@export

SE-0497 gives explicit control over symbol visibility and definition availability:

• @export(interface) — ensures a callable symbol exists in the binary but hides the definition from clients (no inlining/specialization by external callers). Replaces @_neverEmitIntoClient.
• @export(implementation) — makes the definition available for inlining/specialization but does not guarantee a callable symbol. Replaces @_alwaysEmitIntoClient.

@export(interface)
public func stableAPI() -> Int {
    // Callable symbol guaranteed; definition hidden from clients
    return computeValue()
}

@section and @used

SE-0492 places global or static variables into named binary sections and prevents dead-stripping. Primarily for Embedded Swift and systems programming.

@section(".mydata") @used
var configFlag: Int32 = 1

Use it only on stored variables in non-generic contexts with compile-time-known or static initialization.