Creator Editing Recipes

Use these copyable contracts after tracks-and-clips.md. Global math: consumed source = timeline duration × rate; natural timeline duration = remaining source / rate.

Before any edit, run npx hyperframes timeline (add --json for a machine-readable list) to see the project's tracks and clips instead of reading the HTML.

These recipes keep sound on a separate <audio> element with the <video> muted, which is the pattern to reach for when picture and sound are cut independently. An unmuted <video> that declares data-has-audio="true" is also mixed, so a separate track is a choice, not a requirement.

Every <video> and <audio> below carries an id, and that is not cosmetic: lint errors with media_missing_id on timed media without one, and an id-less <audio> is never picked up by the mixer, so the render comes out silent. Keep the ids when you copy a recipe.

Hard cut

<video
  id="a"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="4"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<video
  id="b"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="3"
  data-media-start="10"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="a-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="4"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>
<audio
  id="b-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="3"
  data-media-start="10"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: B starts at A start + duration. Source math: each range starts at data-media-start; consumed source = timeline duration × rate. Audio follows: duplicate matching <audio> ranges/timing. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: adjacent windows only; author the two windows edge to edge. Same-track overlap is valid; both clips paint in CSS order.

Trim in/out

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="1"
  data-duration="3"
  data-media-start="6"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="shot-1-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="1"
  data-duration="3"
  data-media-start="6"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: visible window is [1,4]. Source math: in=6, out=6+3 at 1x; never invent source-end syntax. Audio follows: matching separate audio track uses the same three attributes. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: use another clip for another range.

Split / splice

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="0"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<video
  id="shot-2"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="8"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="shot-1-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="0"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>
<audio
  id="shot-2-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="8"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: splice at t=2. Source math: independent source offsets select kept pieces. Audio follows: split matching audio identically. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: source cuts are core, never keyframes.

Duplicate / reuse same source

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="1"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<video
  id="shot-2"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="4"
  data-duration="1"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="shot-1-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="1"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>
<audio
  id="shot-2-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="4"
  data-duration="1"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: copies may occupy different starts. Source math: identical offsets reuse identical source. Audio follows: duplicate the separate audio track too. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: every element needs a unique id when ids are present.

Reorder

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="10"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<video
  id="shot-2"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="shot-1-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="10"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>
<audio
  id="shot-2-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="2"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: data-start defines authored order. Source math: source offsets need not be chronological. Audio follows: reorder identical matching audio windows. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: reordering changes placement only, not source ranges.

Freeze / hold

<img src="held-frame.png" data-start="2" data-duration="1" data-track-index="0" class="clip" />

Timeline math: the still owns its hold duration. Source math: final-source frame, subcomp final state, and visual pose holds are supported. Audio follows: continue, trim, or silence audio deliberately. Owner: /hyperframes-core + /media-use. Limit: arbitrary mid-source freeze requires preprocess of a still/segment.

Constant speed / slow motion

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="4"
  data-playback-rate="0.5"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>

Timeline math: duration is authored timeline time. Source math: consumed source = timeline duration × rate; natural timeline duration = remaining source / rate. Audio follows: matching separate audio track uses the same constant rate. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: normalized 0.1..10. For a speed ramp put a rate lane in data-automation, e.g. {"version":1,"lanes":[{"target":"rate","points":[{"t":0,"v":1},{"t":2,"v":4}]}]}; it wins over the constant.

Zoom / punch

tl.to("#clip .inner", { scale: 1.35, xPercent: -8, duration: 0.18 }, 1);

Timeline math: tween positions are composition seconds. Source math: unchanged; the core clip still selects source time. Audio follows: unchanged unless separately edited. Owner: /hyperframes-keyframes. Limit: target the inner wrapper, not the timed clip element.

Pan / Ken Burns

tl.fromTo(
  "#clip .inner",
  { scale: 1.05, xPercent: 0 },
  { scale: 1.2, xPercent: -12, duration: 4, ease: "none" },
  0,
);

Timeline math: move spans four authored seconds. Source math: unchanged. Audio follows: matching clip timing remains separate. Owner: /hyperframes-keyframes. Limit: authored geometry, not automatic face tracking.

Crop / reframe

tl.to("#clip .inner", { clipPath: "inset(8% 12% 6% 10%)", xPercent: -4, duration: 1 }, 2);

Timeline math: crop interpolates over [2,3]. Source math: unchanged. Audio follows: no automatic change. Owner: /hyperframes-keyframes. Limit: inner wrapper only, not temporal trim.

Clip-path wipe / reveal / mask / split-screen

tl.fromTo(
  "#next .inner",
  { clipPath: "polygon(0 0,0 0,0 100%,0 100%)" },
  { clipPath: "polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 100%,0 100%)", duration: 0.5 },
  2,
);

Timeline math: overlap placed clips for the 0.5s handoff. Source math: each clip keeps its own range. Audio follows: place matching audio on its own tracks. Owner: /hyperframes-keyframes + /hyperframes-animation. Limit: visual mask/polygon/split-screen only; source cuts stay /hyperframes-core.

Crossfade

<div id="a-visual" class="inner">
  <video
    id="a"
    data-start="0"
    data-duration="3"
    data-track-index="0"
    src="a.mp4"
    muted
    playsinline
  ></video>
</div>
<div id="b-visual" class="inner">
  <video
    id="b"
    data-start="2.5"
    data-duration="3"
    data-track-index="1"
    src="b.mp4"
    muted
    playsinline
  ></video>
</div>
<audio
  id="a-audio"
  src="a.mp4"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="3"
  data-track-index="10"
  data-automation='{"version":1,"lanes":[{"target":"volume","points":[{"t":0,"v":1},{"t":2.5,"v":1},{"t":3,"v":0}]}]}'
></audio>
<audio
  id="b-audio"
  src="b.mp4"
  data-start="2.5"
  data-duration="3"
  data-track-index="11"
  data-automation='{"version":1,"lanes":[{"target":"volume","points":[{"t":0,"v":0},{"t":0.5,"v":1},{"t":3,"v":1}]}]}'
></audio>
<script>
  const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
  tl.set("#b-visual", { opacity: 0 }, 0)
    .to("#a-visual", { opacity: 0, duration: 0.5 }, 2.5)
    .to("#b-visual", { opacity: 1, duration: 0.5 }, 2.5);
  window.__timelines["main"] = tl;
</script>

Timeline math: distinct tracks overlap by 0.5s with opposing opacity envelopes. Source math: each source range remains independent. Audio follows: opposing volume envelopes on distinct audio tracks. Owner: /hyperframes-core + /hyperframes-keyframes + /hyperframes-audio. Limit: the crossfade is the opacity/volume envelopes, not a source-level dissolve.

Volume fades / ducking

<audio
  id="music-bed"
  src="music.wav"
  data-start="0"
  data-duration="5"
  data-track-index="10"
  data-automation='{"version":1,"lanes":[{"target":"volume","points":[{"t":0,"v":0},{"t":1,"v":1},{"t":2,"v":1},{"t":2.2,"v":0.3},{"t":3,"v":0.3},{"t":3.2,"v":1},{"t":4,"v":1},{"t":5,"v":0}]}]}'
></audio>

Timeline math: lane t is clip-local authored time: fade-in 0–1, duck down 2–2.2, hold 2.2–3, duck up 3–3.2, fade-out 4–5. Source math: source selection still uses core attributes. Audio follows: the explicit down-hold-up envelope affects this separate audio track. Owner: /hyperframes-audio. Limit: automation is not source retiming.

One rule for volume over time: use the lane. lint accepts a timeline tween on volume too, but when a track has both, the lane wins and the tween is ignored (audio_volume_double_automation). Never add a lane to a track that already has a volume tween, and never add a tween to a track that has a lane; edit the one that exists. To ramp 0.1 to 0.5 over ten seconds, write {"t":0,"v":0.1},{"t":10,"v":0.5}. t is seconds from the clip's own start, so a ramp past data-duration never finishes: check the clip's length before choosing the times. data-volume stays as the static level of the clip and combines with nothing else you author here.

Audio alignment

<video
  id="shot-1"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="3"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="8"
  data-playback-rate="2"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>
<audio
  id="shot-1-audio"
  src="take.mp4"
  data-start="3"
  data-duration="2"
  data-media-start="8"
  data-playback-rate="2"
  data-track-index="10"
></audio>

Timeline math: picture and sound share start/duration. Source math: both consume four source seconds. Audio follows: identical timing, range, and rate on the separate audio track. Owner: /hyperframes-core + /hyperframes-audio. Limit: no waveform auto-sync or drift correction.

Align a sound to an on-screen event

<audio
  id="sfx-click-3"
  src="click.mp3"
  data-start="7.48"
  data-duration="0.07"
  data-track-index="103"
  data-volume="0.85"
></audio>

Timeline math: an audio element in the root composition has data-start in absolute root time; audio inside a scene file uses scene-local time and the host's data-start is added for you. An event inside a sub-composition happens at the host's data-start plus the event's local time in that sub-composition's own timeline, so data-start = host start + local time. Move only the audio's data-start; leave the picture alone. Source math: if the sound's transient is not at the file's first sample, subtract that lead-in from data-start (or trim it with data-media-start). Audio follows: nothing links audio to picture, so re-derive after every retime of the host. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: no waveform auto-sync; for a beat grid use hyperframes beats and place each start on a beat time.

Copy a group of clips to another time

<audio
  id="sfx-click-0"
  src="click.mp3"
  data-start="1.6"
  data-duration="0.07"
  data-track-index="100"
></audio>
<audio
  id="sfx-type-0"
  src="typenew.mp3"
  data-start="7.8"
  data-duration="0.57"
  data-track-index="109"
></audio>
<audio
  id="sfx-click-0-copy"
  src="click.mp3"
  data-start="41.6"
  data-duration="0.07"
  data-track-index="186"
></audio>
<audio
  id="sfx-type-0-copy"
  src="typenew.mp3"
  data-start="47.8"
  data-duration="0.57"
  data-track-index="187"
></audio>

Timeline math: pick the clips first and say which ones you picked (by id) if the request does not match the file exactly; then add one delta to every member's data-start, so relative spacing is preserved (here delta = 40). Give each copy a new unique id and the next unused data-track-index; keep src, data-duration, data-media-start, data-volume and any data-automation as they are. Leave the originals untouched. Check the copies still end inside the composition's duration. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: copies of a <video> or a sub-composition host follow the same rule, and a copied sub-composition needs its own host id.

Add media (image, video, audio)

Write what Studio writes when a person drops a file on the timeline, so an agent-added clip behaves the same as a dropped one; the one difference is that video and audio need no data-duration. Studio's source of truth is DEFAULT_TIMELINE_ASSET_DURATION in packages/studio/src/utils/studioHelpers.ts and buildTimelineAssetInsertHtml in packages/studio/src/utils/timelineAssetDrop.ts; a test keeps this section equal to them.

Image: data-duration is optional and defaults to 3 seconds, the same as a dropped image, because a still has no length of its own. Write it only for another length. A test keeps the 3 equal to the default in code.
Video and audio: data-start is enough. The length comes from the media itself. An authored data-duration shorter than the file is a trim, never a requirement; leave it out unless the request asks for a shorter clip.
Start: the playhead or the requested time, never a silent 0. Studio's asset-panel Add uses the playhead time on track 0; a drop uses the drop point.
Give every clip id, class="clip", data-start and data-track-index. Video is muted playsinline; audio carries data-volume="1".
Then make sure the root composition's data-duration is at least the clip's end (data-start plus its length: 3 for an image unless you set another, the media's length for video and audio): Studio raises a declared root duration to cover the new clip, so an agent must too, or the clip lies past the end and never plays.
Images and video fill the whole frame: absolutely positioned at left: 0; top: 0, width and height equal to the composition's data-width and data-height, object-fit: contain. Studio does not know a dropped file's natural size, so it does not centre a smaller one.
z-index is the number of top-level clips already in that file plus one (at least 1); later clips stack above earlier ones.
Several files dropped together share the drop's track and run end to end.

<img
  id="photo"
  class="clip"
  src="assets/photo.png"
  data-start="4"
  data-track-index="1"
  style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 1920px; height: 1080px; object-fit: contain; z-index: 2"
/>

<video
  id="broll"
  class="clip"
  src="assets/broll.mp4"
  data-start="4"
  data-track-index="2"
  muted
  playsinline
  style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 1920px; height: 1080px; object-fit: contain; z-index: 3"
></video>

<audio
  id="whoosh"
  class="clip"
  src="assets/whoosh.mp3"
  data-start="4"
  data-track-index="3"
  data-volume="1"
></audio>

Inside a sub-composition file, data-start is scene-local (see ## Align a sound to an on-screen event). Owner: /hyperframes-core.

Swap a media file

<video
  id="hero"
  src="assets/product-v2.mp4"
  data-start="2"
  data-duration="4"
  data-media-start="0"
  data-track-index="0"
  muted
  playsinline
></video>

Timeline math: change only src. Source math: reset data-media-start to the offset you want in the NEW file, and set data-duration no longer than the new file's remaining length (probe it with ffprobe). Audio follows: a separate <audio> that pointed at the old file needs the same src swap. Keep id, data-start, data-track-index and any data-automation so nothing else moves. Run lint: audio_src_not_found and media_src_kind_mismatch catch a wrong path or kind. Owner: /hyperframes-core. Limit: a still swapped for a video (or the reverse) is a tag change, not a swap.

Split a section and change its speed

Timeline math: a section that is a sub-composition or a group of clips has no data-playback-rate of its own to set; split it by giving each half its own host or clips and shift everything after the cut by the length change. New length of a part = old length / rate. Every later data-start (clips, audio, root-timeline tweens) moves by the same delta. Source math: <video> and <audio> parts use data-playback-rate (0.1 to 10, constant) per the constant-speed recipe above, with matching audio. A speed ramp (a rate that changes within one clip) is a rate lane in data-automation on the <video>/<audio>; see docs/reference/speed-ramps. Say which you did.

/hyperframes-core

referencescreator-editing-recipes.md