Does this skill cover both Apex and Lightning Web Components?

Yes. The skill covers Apex development (classes, triggers, batch jobs, platform events), SOQL/SOSL query optimization, Lightning Web Components, and Salesforce DX deployment.

What governor limits does this skill address?

The skill enforces bulkification patterns, SOQL/DML counting, heap size, and CPU time constraints. It includes guidance on batch processing, asynchronous patterns, and selective queries to stay within platform limits.

Does this skill handle Salesforce DX and CI/CD?

Yes. The skill includes deployment and DevOps guidance for Salesforce DX, scratch orgs, metadata API, and CI/CD pipeline setup.

What test coverage requirements does this skill enforce?

The skill requires minimum 90% code coverage in test classes and includes patterns for bulk scenario testing (200-record batches) to validate governor limit handling.

Does this skill support Visualforce or only Lightning Web Components?

The skill primarily targets Lightning Web Components and modern Apex patterns but lists Visualforce in its trigger scope, indicating awareness of legacy components without dedicated guidance.

salesforce-developer by jeffallan

Deployment and DevOps

Salesforce DX Project Setup

Project Structure

my-salesforce-project/
├── .forceignore              # Files to ignore in deployments
├── .gitignore                # Git ignore patterns
├── sfdx-project.json         # Project configuration
├── config/
│   └── project-scratch-def.json  # Scratch org definition
├── force-app/
│   └── main/
│       └── default/
│           ├── classes/      # Apex classes
│           ├── triggers/     # Apex triggers
│           ├── lwc/          # Lightning Web Components
│           ├── aura/         # Aura components
│           ├── objects/      # Custom objects
│           ├── layouts/      # Page layouts
│           ├── flows/        # Flows
│           ├── profiles/     # Profiles
│           ├── permissionsets/  # Permission sets
│           └── staticresources/ # Static resources
├── scripts/
│   └── apex/                 # Anonymous Apex scripts
├── data/                     # Sample data files
└── manifest/
    └── package.xml           # Deployment manifest

sfdx-project.json

{
  "packageDirectories": [
    {
      "path": "force-app",
      "default": true,
      "package": "MyPackage",
      "versionName": "ver 1.0",
      "versionNumber": "1.0.0.NEXT",
      "definitionFile": "config/project-scratch-def.json"
    },
    {
      "path": "unpackaged",
      "default": false
    }
  ],
  "name": "my-salesforce-project",
  "namespace": "",
  "sfdcLoginUrl": "https://login.salesforce.com",
  "sourceApiVersion": "59.0",
  "plugins": {
    "salesforcedx-templates": {
      "minApiVersion": "55.0"
    }
  }
}

Scratch Org Definition

{
  "orgName": "My Company Dev Org",
  "edition": "Developer",
  "features": [
    "EnableSetPasswordInApi",
    "Communities",
    "ServiceCloud",
    "SalesCloud",
    "MultiCurrency"
  ],
  "settings": {
    "lightningExperienceSettings": {
      "enableS1DesktopEnabled": true
    },
    "mobileSettings": {
      "enableS1EncryptedStoragePref2": false
    },
    "securitySettings": {
      "passwordPolicies": {
        "enableSetPasswordInApi": true
      }
    },
    "communitiesSettings": {
      "enableNetworksEnabled": true
    },
    "languageSettings": {
      "enableTranslationWorkbench": true
    }
  },
  "objectSettings": {
    "opportunity": {
      "sharingModel": "private"
    },
    "account": {
      "sharingModel": "readWrite"
    }
  }
}

.forceignore

# Profiles (use Permission Sets instead)
**/profiles/**

# User-specific settings
**/settings/**

# Package installation
**/*-meta.xml.bak

# IDE files
.sfdx/
.sf/
.idea/
*.log

# OS files
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# Test data
**/test-data/**

# Ignore standard objects
**/objects/Account/fields/IsDeleted.field-meta.xml
**/objects/Account/fields/IsPersonAccount.field-meta.xml

SF CLI Commands

Authentication

# Login to Dev Hub (web browser)
sf org login web --set-default-dev-hub --alias mydevhub

# Login to production/sandbox
sf org login web --alias myprod --instance-url https://login.salesforce.com
sf org login web --alias mysandbox --instance-url https://test.salesforce.com

# Login with JWT (CI/CD)
sf org login jwt \
  --client-id YOUR_CONNECTED_APP_CLIENT_ID \
  --jwt-key-file server.key \
  --username admin@mycompany.com \
  --set-default-dev-hub \
  --alias mydevhub

# List authenticated orgs
sf org list

# Logout
sf org logout --target-org myalias

Scratch Org Management

# Create scratch org (30-day expiration)
sf org create scratch \
  --definition-file config/project-scratch-def.json \
  --alias myscratch \
  --set-default \
  --duration-days 30

# Open scratch org in browser
sf org open --target-org myscratch

# Push source to scratch org
sf project deploy start --target-org myscratch

# Pull changes from scratch org
sf project retrieve start --target-org myscratch

# Delete scratch org
sf org delete scratch --target-org myscratch --no-prompt

# List scratch orgs
sf org list --all

Source Deployment

# Deploy to target org
sf project deploy start --target-org myprod

# Deploy specific metadata
sf project deploy start \
  --target-org myprod \
  --source-dir force-app/main/default/classes

# Deploy with tests
sf project deploy start \
  --target-org myprod \
  --test-level RunLocalTests

# Deploy using manifest
sf project deploy start \
  --target-org myprod \
  --manifest manifest/package.xml

# Quick deploy (after validation)
sf project deploy quick --job-id 0Af...

# Check deploy status
sf project deploy report --job-id 0Af...

# Cancel deployment
sf project deploy cancel --job-id 0Af...

Retrieve Metadata

# Retrieve all metadata
sf project retrieve start --target-org myprod

# Retrieve specific components
sf project retrieve start \
  --target-org myprod \
  --metadata ApexClass:AccountService

# Retrieve using package.xml
sf project retrieve start \
  --target-org myprod \
  --manifest manifest/package.xml

# Generate package.xml from org
sf project generate manifest \
  --from-org myprod \
  --output-dir manifest

Running Tests

# Run all tests
sf apex run test --target-org myscratch --code-coverage --result-format human

# Run specific test classes
sf apex run test \
  --target-org myscratch \
  --class-names AccountServiceTest,ContactServiceTest \
  --code-coverage

# Run tests with output to file
sf apex run test \
  --target-org myscratch \
  --test-level RunLocalTests \
  --output-dir test-results \
  --wait 10

# Run async tests and check later
sf apex run test --target-org myscratch --synchronous false
sf apex get test --target-org myscratch --test-run-id 707...

Data Operations

# Export data using SOQL
sf data query \
  --target-org myprod \
  --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10" \
  --result-format csv \
  > accounts.csv

# Import data
sf data import tree \
  --target-org myscratch \
  --plan data/sample-data-plan.json

# Export data for reimport
sf data export tree \
  --target-org myprod \
  --query "SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Name FROM Contacts) FROM Account LIMIT 10" \
  --output-dir data

# Bulk upsert
sf data upsert bulk \
  --target-org myprod \
  --sobject Account \
  --file accounts.csv \
  --external-id External_Id__c

Package.xml Manifest

Complete Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Package xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <types>
        <members>AccountService</members>
        <members>AccountTriggerHandler</members>
        <members>HttpCalloutService</members>
        <name>ApexClass</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>AccountServiceTest</members>
        <name>ApexClass</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>AccountTrigger</members>
        <name>ApexTrigger</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>accountCard</members>
        <members>accountList</members>
        <name>LightningComponentBundle</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>Account.External_System_Id__c</members>
        <members>Account.IsActive__c</members>
        <name>CustomField</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>Integration_Log__c</members>
        <members>Account_Audit__c</members>
        <name>CustomObject</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>Account_Manager</members>
        <members>Sales_Rep</members>
        <name>PermissionSet</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>Order_Event__e</members>
        <name>PlatformEventChannel</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>Account_Update_Flow</members>
        <name>Flow</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>External_System</members>
        <name>NamedCredential</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>CustomLabels</members>
        <name>CustomLabels</name>
    </types>
    <version>59.0</version>
</Package>

Wildcard Retrieval

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Package xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <types>
        <members>*</members>
        <name>ApexClass</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>*</members>
        <name>ApexTrigger</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>*</members>
        <name>LightningComponentBundle</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>*</members>
        <name>CustomObject</name>
    </types>
    <types>
        <members>*</members>
        <name>Flow</name>
    </types>
    <version>59.0</version>
</Package>

CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

# .github/workflows/salesforce-ci.yml
name: Salesforce CI/CD

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
    paths:
      - 'force-app/**'
      - 'manifest/**'
  pull_request:
    branches: [main, develop]

env:
  SFDX_CLI_URL: https://developer.salesforce.com/media/salesforce-cli/sf/channels/stable/sf-linux-x64.tar.xz

jobs:
  validate:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install Salesforce CLI
        run: |
          wget $SFDX_CLI_URL
          mkdir sfdx
          tar xJf sf-linux-x64.tar.xz -C sfdx --strip-components 1
          ./sfdx/bin/sf version

      - name: Authenticate to Dev Hub
        run: |
          echo "${{ secrets.SFDX_AUTH_URL }}" > auth.txt
          ./sfdx/bin/sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias devhub --set-default-dev-hub

      - name: Create Scratch Org
        run: |
          ./sfdx/bin/sf org create scratch \
            --definition-file config/project-scratch-def.json \
            --alias ci-scratch \
            --set-default \
            --duration-days 1

      - name: Push Source
        run: ./sfdx/bin/sf project deploy start --target-org ci-scratch

      - name: Run Apex Tests
        run: |
          ./sfdx/bin/sf apex run test \
            --target-org ci-scratch \
            --code-coverage \
            --result-format human \
            --wait 20 \
            --test-level RunLocalTests

      - name: Check Code Coverage
        run: |
          COVERAGE=$(./sfdx/bin/sf apex get test --target-org ci-scratch --code-coverage --json | jq '.result.summary.orgWideCoverage' | tr -d '"' | tr -d '%')
          echo "Code coverage: $COVERAGE%"
          if [ "$COVERAGE" -lt "75" ]; then
            echo "Code coverage is below 75%"
            exit 1
          fi

      - name: Delete Scratch Org
        if: always()
        run: ./sfdx/bin/sf org delete scratch --target-org ci-scratch --no-prompt

  deploy-staging:
    needs: validate
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: staging
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install Salesforce CLI
        run: |
          wget $SFDX_CLI_URL
          mkdir sfdx
          tar xJf sf-linux-x64.tar.xz -C sfdx --strip-components 1

      - name: Authenticate to Staging
        run: |
          echo "${{ secrets.STAGING_AUTH_URL }}" > auth.txt
          ./sfdx/bin/sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias staging

      - name: Deploy to Staging
        run: |
          ./sfdx/bin/sf project deploy start \
            --target-org staging \
            --test-level RunLocalTests \
            --wait 30

  deploy-production:
    needs: validate
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install Salesforce CLI
        run: |
          wget $SFDX_CLI_URL
          mkdir sfdx
          tar xJf sf-linux-x64.tar.xz -C sfdx --strip-components 1

      - name: Authenticate to Production
        run: |
          echo "${{ secrets.PROD_AUTH_URL }}" > auth.txt
          ./sfdx/bin/sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias prod

      - name: Validate Deployment
        run: |
          ./sfdx/bin/sf project deploy validate \
            --target-org prod \
            --test-level RunLocalTests \
            --wait 30

      - name: Quick Deploy
        run: |
          JOB_ID=$(./sfdx/bin/sf project deploy report --json | jq -r '.result.id')
          ./sfdx/bin/sf project deploy quick --job-id $JOB_ID --target-org prod

GitLab CI Pipeline

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - validate
  - deploy

variables:
  SF_CLI_VERSION: "2.20.7"

.sf_base:
  image: salesforce/cli:${SF_CLI_VERSION}-full
  before_script:
    - sf --version

validate:
  extends: .sf_base
  stage: validate
  script:
    - echo $SFDX_AUTH_URL > auth.txt
    - sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias devhub --set-default-dev-hub
    - sf org create scratch --definition-file config/project-scratch-def.json --alias ci-scratch --set-default --duration-days 1
    - sf project deploy start --target-org ci-scratch
    - sf apex run test --target-org ci-scratch --code-coverage --result-format junit --output-dir test-results --wait 20
  after_script:
    - sf org delete scratch --target-org ci-scratch --no-prompt || true
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: test-results/*.xml
  rules:
    - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"

deploy_staging:
  extends: .sf_base
  stage: deploy
  environment:
    name: staging
  script:
    - echo $STAGING_AUTH_URL > auth.txt
    - sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias staging
    - sf project deploy start --target-org staging --test-level RunLocalTests --wait 30
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "develop"

deploy_production:
  extends: .sf_base
  stage: deploy
  environment:
    name: production
  script:
    - echo $PROD_AUTH_URL > auth.txt
    - sf org login sfdx-url --sfdx-url-file auth.txt --alias prod
    - sf project deploy start --target-org prod --test-level RunLocalTests --wait 30
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"
  when: manual

Deployment Scripts

Pre-Deployment Validation

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/validate-deployment.sh

set -e

TARGET_ORG=${1:-"myscratch"}
TEST_LEVEL=${2:-"RunLocalTests"}

echo "=== Validating deployment to $TARGET_ORG ==="

# Check for uncommitted changes
if [[ $(git status --porcelain) ]]; then
    echo "Warning: Uncommitted changes detected"
fi

# Validate package.xml
if [ ! -f "manifest/package.xml" ]; then
    echo "Error: manifest/package.xml not found"
    exit 1
fi

# Run validation
echo "Starting validation deploy..."
sf project deploy validate \
    --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" \
    --manifest manifest/package.xml \
    --test-level "$TEST_LEVEL" \
    --wait 60

echo "=== Validation complete ==="

Post-Deployment Script

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/post-deployment.sh

set -e

TARGET_ORG=${1:-"myprod"}

echo "=== Running post-deployment tasks ==="

# Run data migration scripts
echo "Running data migration..."
sf apex run \
    --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" \
    --file scripts/apex/data-migration.apex

# Assign permission sets
echo "Assigning permission sets..."
sf org assign permset \
    --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" \
    --name Sales_Manager \
    --on-behalf-of admin@company.com

# Clear cache
echo "Clearing org cache..."
sf apex run \
    --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" \
    --file scripts/apex/clear-cache.apex

echo "=== Post-deployment complete ==="

Anonymous Apex for Deployment

// scripts/apex/data-migration.apex
// Run data migration after deployment

System.debug('Starting data migration...');

// Update existing records with new field values
List<Account> accounts = [
    SELECT Id, Legacy_Status__c
    FROM Account
    WHERE New_Status__c = null
    AND Legacy_Status__c != null
    LIMIT 10000
];

Map<String, String> statusMapping = new Map<String, String>{
    'A' => 'Active',
    'I' => 'Inactive',
    'P' => 'Pending'
};

for (Account acc : accounts) {
    acc.New_Status__c = statusMapping.get(acc.Legacy_Status__c);
}

if (!accounts.isEmpty()) {
    Database.update(accounts, false);
    System.debug('Updated ' + accounts.size() + ' accounts');
}

System.debug('Data migration complete');

Metadata API Operations

Programmatic Metadata Deployment

/**
 * Deploy metadata using Metadata API
 */
public class MetadataDeployer {

    public static Id deployZip(Blob zipFile, Boolean checkOnly) {
        Metadata.DeployContainer container = new Metadata.DeployContainer();

        // For zip deployment, use REST API instead
        HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
        req.setEndpoint(URL.getOrgDomainUrl().toExternalForm() +
            '/services/data/v59.0/metadata/deployRequest');
        req.setMethod('POST');
        req.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + UserInfo.getSessionId());
        req.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/zip');
        req.setBodyAsBlob(zipFile);

        Http http = new Http();
        HttpResponse res = http.send(req);

        if (res.getStatusCode() == 200) {
            Map<String, Object> result = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(res.getBody());
            return (Id)result.get('id');
        }

        throw new MetadataException('Deployment failed: ' + res.getBody());
    }

    /**
     * Check deployment status
     */
    public static Metadata.DeployResult checkDeployStatus(Id deployId) {
        HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
        req.setEndpoint(URL.getOrgDomainUrl().toExternalForm() +
            '/services/data/v59.0/metadata/deployRequest/' + deployId + '?includeDetails=true');
        req.setMethod('GET');
        req.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + UserInfo.getSessionId());

        Http http = new Http();
        HttpResponse res = http.send(req);

        // Parse response...
        return null;
    }

    public class MetadataException extends Exception {}
}

Creating Metadata Programmatically

/**
 * Create custom field using Metadata API
 */
public class MetadataFieldCreator implements Metadata.DeployCallback {

    public void createCustomField(
        String objectName,
        String fieldName,
        String fieldLabel,
        String fieldType
    ) {
        Metadata.CustomField customField = new Metadata.CustomField();
        customField.fullName = objectName + '.' + fieldName;
        customField.label = fieldLabel;
        customField.type_x = Metadata.FieldType.valueOf(fieldType);

        if (fieldType == 'Text') {
            customField.length = 255;
        }

        Metadata.DeployContainer container = new Metadata.DeployContainer();
        container.addMetadata(customField);

        Id jobId = Metadata.Operations.enqueueDeployment(container, this);
        System.debug('Deployment job ID: ' + jobId);
    }

    public void handleResult(
        Metadata.DeployResult result,
        Metadata.DeployCallbackContext context
    ) {
        if (result.status == Metadata.DeployStatus.Succeeded) {
            System.debug('Deployment succeeded');
        } else {
            System.debug('Deployment failed: ' + result.errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

Environment Management

Sandbox Refresh Scripts

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/post-sandbox-refresh.sh

# Run after sandbox refresh to configure environment

TARGET_ORG=${1:-"sandbox"}

echo "=== Post-Sandbox Refresh Configuration ==="

# 1. Update custom settings
sf apex run --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" << 'EOF'
// Update environment-specific settings
Integration_Settings__c settings = Integration_Settings__c.getOrgDefaults();
settings.Endpoint_URL__c = 'https://sandbox-api.external-system.com';
settings.Environment__c = 'Sandbox';
upsert settings;
System.debug('Settings updated');
EOF

# 2. Deactivate production workflows
sf apex run --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" << 'EOF'
// Deactivate production-only processes
List<ProcessDefinition> processes = [
    SELECT Id, Name
    FROM ProcessDefinition
    WHERE Name LIKE 'PROD_%'
];
System.debug('Found ' + processes.size() + ' production processes to review');
// Note: ProcessDefinition activation must be done via Setup or Metadata API
EOF

# 3. Mask sensitive data
sf apex run --target-org "$TARGET_ORG" << 'EOF'
// Mask email addresses
List<Contact> contacts = [SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE Email != null LIMIT 10000];
for (Contact c : contacts) {
    c.Email = c.Id + '@sandbox.invalid';
}
update contacts;
System.debug('Masked ' + contacts.size() + ' contact emails');
EOF

echo "=== Post-refresh configuration complete ==="

When to Use

Scratch orgs: Development and testing of new features
Sandboxes: Integration testing, UAT, training
Package.xml: Selective metadata deployment
CI/CD pipelines: Automated testing and deployment
Metadata API: Programmatic org configuration

When NOT to Use

Scratch orgs for production data: Use sandboxes for data-dependent testing
Manual deployments in production: Always use CI/CD for audit trail
Wildcard package.xml in production: Explicitly list components
Deployment without tests: Always run tests in production deployments
Direct changes in production: Always deploy through version control

/salesforce-developer

referencesdeployment-devops.md

Deployment and DevOps

Salesforce DX Project Setup

Project Structure

sfdx-project.json

Scratch Org Definition

.forceignore

SF CLI Commands

Authentication

Scratch Org Management

Source Deployment

Retrieve Metadata

Running Tests

Data Operations

Package.xml Manifest

Complete Example

Wildcard Retrieval

CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

GitLab CI Pipeline

Deployment Scripts

Pre-Deployment Validation

Post-Deployment Script

Anonymous Apex for Deployment

Metadata API Operations

Programmatic Metadata Deployment

Creating Metadata Programmatically

Environment Management

Sandbox Refresh Scripts

When to Use

When NOT to Use

Third-party checks

Provenance

Capability

Topics

What it does

Frequently asked

/salesforce-developer

salesforce-developerreferencesdeployment-devops.md

Deployment and DevOps

Salesforce DX Project Setup

Project Structure

sfdx-project.json

Scratch Org Definition

.forceignore

SF CLI Commands

Authentication

Scratch Org Management

Source Deployment

Retrieve Metadata

Running Tests

Data Operations

Package.xml Manifest

Complete Example

Wildcard Retrieval

CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

GitLab CI Pipeline

Deployment Scripts

Pre-Deployment Validation

Post-Deployment Script

Anonymous Apex for Deployment

Metadata API Operations

Programmatic Metadata Deployment

Creating Metadata Programmatically

Environment Management

Sandbox Refresh Scripts

When to Use

When NOT to Use

Third-party checks

Provenance

Capability

Topics

README badge

What it does

Frequently asked

Related skills

referencesdeployment-devops.md