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Troubleshooting Guide
Common Errors
| Error |
Cause |
Solution |
KeyError on variable |
Lexicon missing variable |
Check compat; pick different source |
OutOfMemoryError |
VRAM exceeded |
Use smaller model or free cache |
FileNotFoundError package |
Weights not cached |
Call load_default_package() first |
TimeoutError data fetch |
API slow/unreachable |
Retry or use cached source |
ValueError: nsteps |
Horizon < model step |
Increase horizon or finer model |
Model-Data Source Compatibility
Common pairings:
- Global models (AIFS, Pangu, GraphCast, SFNO, etc.) → GFS, ARCO, CDS, WB2ERA5, IFS
- Regional models (StormCast, HRRR-based) → HRRR
- Historical/research runs → ARCO, CDS, WB2ERA5, NCAR_ERA5
IO Backend Selection
| Backend |
Best for |
| ZarrBackend |
Large outputs, chunked storage, recommended default |
| AsyncZarrBackend |
Same as Zarr but async writes for performance |
| NetCDF4Backend |
Compatibility with legacy tools |
| XarrayBackend |
In-memory, small runs, interactive exploration |
| KVBackend |
Key-value dict, debugging |
Limitations
- Only deterministic (single-member) forecasts; use ensemble workflow for probabilistic runs
- Cannot train or fine-tune models — inference only
- Model weights require first-time download (several GB depending on model)
- Regional models (e.g. StormCast) require matching regional data sources
- GPU required; CPU-only inference is not supported for most models