/nuxt

Directory Structure

Nuxt uses a conventions-based directory structure. Understanding it is key to effective development.

Nuxt 4 change: The default srcDir is now app/. All Vue application code (app.vue, components/, composables/, pages/, etc.) lives inside app/, while server/, shared/, public/, modules/, layers/ and nuxt.config.ts stay at the project root. (In Nuxt 3 these app directories lived at the root by default.)

Standard Project Structure (Nuxt 4)

my-nuxt-app/
├── app/                    # srcDir — all Vue app code (default in Nuxt 4)
│   ├── app.vue             # Root component
│   ├── app.config.ts       # App configuration (runtime)
│   ├── error.vue           # Error page
│   ├── assets/             # Build-processed assets (CSS, images)
│   ├── components/         # Auto-imported Vue components
│   ├── composables/        # Auto-imported composables
│   ├── layouts/            # Layout components
│   ├── middleware/         # Route middleware
│   ├── pages/              # File-based routing
│   ├── plugins/            # Nuxt plugins
│   └── utils/              # Auto-imported utilities
├── server/                 # Server-side code (root level)
│   ├── api/                # API routes (/api/*)
│   ├── routes/             # Server routes
│   ├── middleware/         # Server middleware
│   ├── plugins/            # Nitro plugins
│   └── utils/              # Server utilities (auto-imported)
├── shared/                 # Code shared between app and server
│   ├── utils/              # Auto-imported in both app and server
│   └── types/              # Auto-imported types
├── public/                 # Static assets (served as-is)
├── content/                # Content files (@nuxt/content)
├── layers/                 # Local layers (auto-scanned)
├── modules/                # Local modules
├── nuxt.config.ts          # Nuxt configuration
├── package.json
└── tsconfig.json

Key Directories

app/ Directory

The app/ directory is the default srcDir in Nuxt 4 and holds all Vue application code. Customize it if needed:

// nuxt.config.ts - customize source directory
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  srcDir: 'src/', // Use 'src/' instead of the default 'app/'
})

Aliases (Nuxt 4 defaults):

Because ~ now points at app/, reference root-level files (modules, server handlers) with ~~ or the dedicated aliases — e.g. ~~/server/handler.ts or #server/handler.ts.

app/components/

Vue components auto-imported by name:

components/
├── Button.vue           → <Button />
├── Card.vue             → <Card />
├── base/
│   └── Button.vue       → <BaseButton />
├── ui/
│   ├── Input.vue        → <UiInput />
│   └── Modal.vue        → <UiModal />
└── TheHeader.vue        → <TheHeader />

Lazy loading: Prefix with Lazy for dynamic import:

<template>
  <LazyHeavyChart v-if="showChart" />
</template>

Client/Server only:

components/
├── Comments.client.vue  → Only rendered on client
└── ServerData.server.vue → Only rendered on server

app/composables/

Vue composables auto-imported (top-level files only):

composables/
├── useAuth.ts           → useAuth()
├── useFoo.ts            → useFoo()
└── nested/
    └── utils.ts         → NOT auto-imported

Re-export nested composables:

// composables/index.ts
export { useHelper } from './nested/utils'

app/pages/

File-based routing:

pages/
├── index.vue            → /
├── about.vue            → /about
├── blog/
│   ├── index.vue        → /blog
│   └── [slug].vue       → /blog/:slug
├── users/
│   └── [id]/
│       └── profile.vue  → /users/:id/profile
├── [...slug].vue        → /* (catch-all)
├── [[optional]].vue     → /:optional? (optional param)
└── (marketing)/         → Route group (not in URL)
    └── pricing.vue      → /pricing

Pages are optional: Without pages/, no vue-router is included.

app/layouts/

Layout components wrapping pages:

layouts/
├── default.vue          → Default layout
├── admin.vue            → Admin layout
└── blank.vue            → No layout

<!-- layouts/default.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <TheHeader />
    <slot />
    <TheFooter />
  </div>
</template>

Use in pages:

<script setup>
definePageMeta({
  layout: 'admin',
  // layout: false // Disable layout
})
</script>

app/middleware/

Route middleware:

middleware/
├── auth.ts              → Named middleware
├── admin.ts             → Named middleware
└── logger.global.ts     → Global middleware (runs on every route)

app/plugins/

Nuxt plugins (auto-registered):

plugins/
├── 01.analytics.ts      → Order with number prefix
├── 02.auth.ts
├── vue-query.client.ts  → Client-only plugin
└── server-init.server.ts → Server-only plugin

server/ Directory

Nitro server code (stays at the project root, not under app/):

server/
├── api/
│   ├── users.ts         → GET /api/users
│   ├── users.post.ts    → POST /api/users
│   └── users/[id].ts    → /api/users/:id
├── routes/
│   └── sitemap.xml.ts   → /sitemap.xml
├── middleware/
│   └── auth.ts          → Runs on every request
├── plugins/
│   └── db.ts            → Server startup plugins
└── utils/
    └── db.ts            → Auto-imported server utilities

shared/ Directory

Code usable in both the Vue app and the Nitro server (Nuxt 3.14+). Cannot import any Vue or Nitro code.

shared/
├── utils/
│   └── format.ts        → Auto-imported in app AND server
└── types/
    └── api.ts           → Auto-imported types

Only top-level files in shared/utils/ and shared/types/ are auto-imported. Import anything else via the #shared alias:

import { capitalize } from '#shared/utils/format'
import lower from '#shared/formatters/lower'

public/ Directory

Static assets served at root URL:

public/
├── favicon.ico          → /favicon.ico
├── robots.txt           → /robots.txt
└── images/
    └── logo.png         → /images/logo.png

app/assets/ Directory

Build-processed assets (under app/ in Nuxt 4):

app/assets/
├── css/
│   └── main.css
├── images/
│   └── hero.png
└── fonts/
    └── custom.woff2

Reference in components:

<template>
  <img src="~/assets/images/hero.png" />
</template>

<style>
@import '~/assets/css/main.css';
</style>

Special Files

File Naming Conventions