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SOLID in Python
Guidance
- Single responsibility: keep classes and functions focused.
- Open/closed: extend behavior without rewriting consumers.
- Liskov substitution: subclasses must be safely substitutable.
- Interface segregation: avoid forcing clients to depend on unused methods.
- Dependency inversion: depend on abstractions, not concrete details.
Bad Example
class User(Model):
def __init__(self, username: str):
self.username = username
def deactivate(self):
self.is_active = False
self.save()
class Admin(User):
def deactivate(self):
raise RuntimeError("admin can not be deactivated!")
Good Example
class User(Model):
def __init__(self, username: str):
self.username = username
def allow_deactivate(self) -> bool:
return True
def deactivate(self):
self.is_active = False
self.save()
class Admin(User):
def allow_deactivate(self) -> bool:
return False
def deactivate_users(users):
for user in users:
if not user.allow_deactivate():
logger.info(
f"user {user.username} does not allow deactivating, skip."
)
continue
user.deactivate()
