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@2aedb75
by ReScience Labresciencelab/opc-skills1.8k stars
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SEO & GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) for websites. Analyze keywords, generate schema markup, optimize for AI search engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Copilot, Claude) and traditional search (Google, Bing). Use when user wants to improve search visibility, search optimization, search ranking, AI visibility, ChatGPT ranking, Google AI Overview, indexing, JSON-LD, meta tags, or keyword research.

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Use this Skill: https://skilld.dev/gh/resciencelab/opc-skills/seo-geo

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referencesplatform-algorithms.md

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Platform Ranking Algorithms

Detailed ranking factors for AI search engines and traditional search engines (2025-2026).

1. ChatGPT Ranking Factors

Core Ranking System

ChatGPT uses a two-phase system:

  1. Pre-training Knowledge - Built from diverse datasets (Wikipedia, books, web)
  2. Real-time Retrieval - Web browsing for current information

Ranking Factor Weights

Factor Weight Details
Authority & Credibility 40% Branded domains preferred over third-party
Content Quality & Utility 35% Clear structure, comprehensive answers
Platform Trust 25% Wikipedia, Reddit, Forbes prioritized

Key Findings (SE Ranking Study - 129K domains)

Metric Impact
Referring Domains Strongest predictor. >350K domains = 8.4 avg citations
Domain Trust Score 91-96 score = 6 citations; 97-100 = 8.4 citations
Content Recency 30-day old content gets 3.2x more citations
Branded vs Third-party Branded domains cited 11.1 points more than third-party

ChatGPT Top Citation Sources

Rank Source % of Citations
1 Wikipedia 7.8%
2 Reddit 1.8%
3 Forbes 1.1%
4 Brand Official Sites Variable
5 Academic Sources Variable

Content-Answer Fit Analysis (400K pages study)

Factor Relevance
Content-Answer Fit 55% - Most important! Match ChatGPT's response style
On-Page Structure 14% - Clear headings, formatting
Domain Authority 12% - Helps retrieval, not citation
Query Relevance 12% - Match user intent
Content Consensus 7% - Agreement among sources

Optimization Checklist

  • Build strong backlink profile (quality > quantity)
  • Update content within 30 days
  • Use clear H1/H2/H3 structure
  • Include verifiable statistics with citations
  • Write in ChatGPT's conversational style
  • Ensure domain has high trust score

2. Perplexity AI Ranking Factors

Architecture

Perplexity uses Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with a 3-layer reranking system:

  1. Layer 1 (L1): Basic relevance retrieval
  2. Layer 2 (L2): Traditional ranking factors scoring
  3. Layer 3 (L3): ML models for quality evaluation (can discard entire result sets)

Core Ranking Factors

Factor Details
Authoritative Domain Lists Manual lists: Amazon, GitHub, academic sites get inherent boost
Freshness Signals Time decay algorithm; new content evaluated quickly
Semantic Relevance Content similarity to query (not keyword matching)
Topical Weighting Tech, AI, Science topics get visibility multipliers
User Engagement Click rates, weekly performance metrics
New Post Performance Early clicks significantly boost visibility

Perplexity Sonar Model Insights

Signal Impact
FAQ Schema (JSON-LD) Pages with FAQ blocks cited more often
PDF Documents Publicly hosted PDFs prioritized
Content Velocity Speed of publishing matters more than keyword density
Semantic Payloads Clear, atomic paragraphs preferred
YouTube Sync YouTube titles matching trending queries get boost

Technical Requirements

# robots.txt - Allow PerplexityBot
User-agent: PerplexityBot
Allow: /

# Provide clean sitemap
Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml

Optimization Checklist

  • Allow PerplexityBot in robots.txt
  • Implement FAQ Schema markup
  • Create publicly accessible PDF resources
  • Use Article schema with timestamps
  • Focus on semantic relevance, not keywords
  • Build topical authority in your niche

3. Google AI Overview (SGE) Ranking Factors

Architecture

Google AI Overviews use multiple AI models:

  • PaLM2 - Language understanding
  • MUM - Multimodal understanding
  • Gemini - Advanced reasoning

5-Stage Source Prioritization Pipeline

  1. Retrieval - Identify candidate sources
  2. Semantic Ranking - Evaluate topical relevance
  3. LLM Re-ranking - Assess contextual fit (using Gemini)
  4. E-E-A-T Evaluation - Filter for expertise/authority/trust
  5. Data Fusion - Synthesize from multiple sources with citations

Key Statistics

Metric Value
AI Overviews in searches 85%+
Overlap with traditional Top 10 Only 15%
Traditional factors weight 62%
Novel AI signals weight 38%
SGE-optimized visibility boost 340%

Ranking Factors

Factor Details
E-E-A-T Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness
Structured Data Schema markup helps AI understand content
Knowledge Graph Being in Google's Knowledge Graph = boost
Topical Authority Content clusters + internal linking
Multimedia Images/videos in multi-modal responses
Authoritative Citations +132% visibility with trusted references
Authoritative Tone +89% visibility improvement

Content Requirements

Traditional SEO still matters:
- Quality backlinks
- Original, helpful content
- Fast page speed
- Mobile-friendly design
- Secure (HTTPS)

Optimization Checklist

  • Implement comprehensive Schema markup
  • Build topical authority with content clusters
  • Include authoritative citations and references
  • Use E-E-A-T signals (author bios, credentials)
  • Optimize for Google Merchant Center (e-commerce)
  • Target informational "how-to" queries

4. Microsoft Copilot / Bing AI Ranking Factors

Architecture

Copilot is integrated into:

  • Microsoft Edge browser
  • Windows 11
  • Microsoft 365 apps
  • Bing Search

Uses Bing Index as primary data source.

Ranking Factors

Factor Details
Bing Index Must be indexed by Bing to be cited
Microsoft Ecosystem LinkedIn, GitHub mentions provide boost
Crawlability BingBot + PermaBot must have access
Page Speed < 2 seconds load time
Schema Markup Helps Copilot understand content
Entity Clarity Clear definitions of entities/concepts

Technical Requirements

# robots.txt
User-agent: Bingbot
Allow: /

User-agent: msnbot
Allow: /

# Submit to Bing Webmaster Tools
# Use IndexNow for faster indexing

Optimization Checklist

  • Submit site to Bing Webmaster Tools
  • Ensure Bingbot can crawl all pages
  • Use IndexNow for new content
  • Optimize page speed (< 2 seconds)
  • Clear entity definitions in content
  • Build presence on LinkedIn, GitHub

5. Claude AI Ranking Factors

Architecture

Important: Claude uses Brave Search, NOT Google or Bing!

Claude decides when to search based on:

  • Query freshness requirements
  • Specificity of question
  • User intent

Ranking Factors

Factor Details
Brave Index Must be indexed by Brave Search
Query Rewriting Claude reformulates queries for search
Factual Density Data-rich content preferred
Structural Clarity Easy to extract information
Source Authority Trustworthy, well-sourced content

Key Statistic

Crawl-to-Refer Ratio: 38,065:1

  • Claude consumes massive amounts of content
  • Very selective about what it cites
  • Quality and relevance are critical

Technical Requirements

# robots.txt
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Allow: /

User-agent: anthropic-ai
Allow: /

Optimization Checklist

  • Ensure Brave Search indexing
  • Allow ClaudeBot in robots.txt
  • Create high factual density content
  • Use clear, extractable structure
  • Include verifiable data points
  • Cite authoritative sources

6. Traditional Google SEO Ranking Factors (2026)

Core Ranking Systems

System Purpose
PageRank Link-based authority (still relevant)
BERT Natural language understanding
RankBrain Machine learning ranking
Helpful Content Rewards people-first content
Spam Detection Filters low-quality content

Top 10 Ranking Factors

Rank Factor Details
1 Backlinks Quality referring domains (core ranking system)
2 E-E-A-T Experience, Expertise, Authority, Trust
3 Content Quality Original, comprehensive, helpful
4 Page Experience Core Web Vitals (LCP, FID, CLS)
5 Mobile-First Non-mobile sites may not be indexed
6 Search Intent Match Content matches user query intent
7 Content Freshness Regular updates signal activity
8 Technical SEO Crawlable, indexable, HTTPS
9 User Signals Dwell time, bounce rate, CTR
10 Structured Data Schema markup for rich results

Core Web Vitals

Metric Good Needs Improvement Poor
LCP (Largest Contentful Paint) < 2.5s 2.5-4s > 4s
FID (First Input Delay) < 100ms 100-300ms > 300ms
CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) < 0.1 0.1-0.25 > 0.25

E-E-A-T Guidelines

Signal How to Demonstrate
Experience First-hand experience, case studies
Expertise Author credentials, detailed knowledge
Authoritativeness Backlinks, mentions, citations
Trustworthiness Accurate info, transparent, secure site

Optimization Checklist

  • Build quality backlinks (guest posts, PR, original research)
  • Create comprehensive, original content
  • Optimize Core Web Vitals
  • Ensure mobile-friendly design
  • Use HTTPS
  • Implement Schema markup
  • Match content to search intent
  • Update content regularly
  • Add author bios with credentials
  • Include E-E-A-T signals

Cross-Platform Optimization Summary

Platform Primary Index Key Factor Unique Requirement
ChatGPT Web (Bing-based) Domain Authority Content-Answer Fit
Perplexity Own + Google Semantic Relevance FAQ Schema
Google SGE Google E-E-A-T Knowledge Graph
Copilot Bing Bing Index MS Ecosystem
Claude Brave Factual Density Brave Indexing
Google (traditional) Google Backlinks Core Web Vitals

Universal Best Practices

  1. Allow all major bots in robots.txt
  2. Implement Schema markup (FAQPage, Article, Organization)
  3. Build authoritative backlinks
  4. Update content regularly (within 30 days)
  5. Use clear structure (H1 > H2 > H3, lists, tables)
  6. Include statistics and citations
  7. Optimize page speed (< 2 seconds)
  8. Ensure mobile-friendly design

Source: SKILL.md on GitHub

Third-party checks

2 warnings17d5 checks · Risk SAFE
  • Gen Agent Trust Hub17d

    The seo-geo skill provides a comprehensive toolkit for SEO and GEO (Generative Engine Optimization), enabling users to perform keyword research, SERP analysis, and technical audits. It utilizes the DataForSEO API for search data and includes Python scripts for local parsing and reporting. The skill follows best practices for credential management by using environment variables for API authentication and performs web analysis through standard command-line tools and scripts.

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    Risk: MEDIUM · 2 issues

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    Score: 93/100 · 2 sections analyzed

Provenance

Signed by skilld at 2aedb75. This ties the file your Agent reads to that commit on GitHub. It does not review the instructions.

Last checked against GitHub 7 hours ago.

Activeupdated 8 months ago

Topics

  • SEO
  • geo
  • schema-markup
  • json-ld
  • keyword-research
  • ai-search
  • chatgpt
  • perplexity
  • google
  • meta-tags

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README badge for resciencelab/opc-skills/seo-geo

What it does

Analyzes website SEO and GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) status, then generates optimization recommendations for both traditional search engines (Google, Bing) and AI search engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude). Includes auditing tools, schema markup generation, keyword research guidance, and platform-specific ranking strategies based on Princeton GEO research.

Generated from the current SKILL.md.

Frequently asked

Does this skill optimize for both traditional search engines and AI search engines?
Yes. It covers Google and Bing (traditional) and ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Copilot, and Claude (AI search engines), with platform-specific guidance for each.
What is GEO and how does it differ from traditional SEO?
GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) focuses on being cited by AI search engines rather than ranking in traditional results. The skill explains that AI engines cite sources instead of ranking pages.
Does this skill require paid tools or APIs?
No. The basic SEO audit and most checks use free tools like curl and Python scripts. Keyword research uses WebSearch, and schema validation uses free Google and Schema.org validators.
What schema markup does this skill help generate?
It provides JSON-LD templates for FAQPage, WebPage, Article, Product, Organization, and SoftwareApplication schemas, with emphasis on FAQPage for AI search visibility.
Which AI bots need to be allowed in robots.txt?
The skill lists Googlebot, Bingbot, PerplexityBot, ChatGPT-User, ClaudeBot/anthropic-ai, and GPTBot as bots that should be allowed for proper indexing by AI search engines.

Generated from the current SKILL.md. These answers refresh after source changes.