/hone

Hook Debugging Guide

Purpose: Read this when validating a hook change, debugging a hook failure, or implementing a command hook script safely.

Contents

• Debug flow
• Command hook contract
• Manual tests
• Failure patterns
• Troubleshooting checklist

Debug Flow

Use this sequence in order:

1. Validate ~/.claude/settings.json with jq . ~/.claude/settings.json.
2. Restart Claude Code because hooks load only at session start.
3. Run /hooks to confirm the hook is registered on the expected event and matcher.
4. Run claude --debug to inspect registration, execution logs, timing, and parse failures.
5. Test the script manually with realistic stdin JSON.
6. Check the exit code and validate any JSON output with jq ..

Command Hook Contract

Standard Boilerplate

#!/bin/bash
set -uo pipefail
# Do not use set -e; handle exit codes explicitly.

input=$(cat)

# Parse fields with jq
tool_name=$(echo "$input" | jq -r '.tool_name // empty')
tool_input=$(echo "$input" | jq -r '.tool_input // empty')

# Validation logic here

if [ "${should_block:-false}" = "true" ]; then
  echo '{"hookSpecificOutput":{"permissionDecision":"deny"},"systemMessage":"Reason for blocking"}' >&2
  exit 2
fi

exit 0

Rules

• Read stdin exactly once.
• Use stderr for blocking JSON and debug prints.
• Use stdout only for non-blocking JSON.
• Use PID-scoped temp files such as /tmp/hook-state-$$.
• Avoid shared mutable state because hooks in one matcher group run in parallel.

Manual Tests

PreToolUse Command Hook

echo '{"tool_name":"Bash","tool_input":{"command":"rm -rf /tmp/old"},"session_id":"test","cwd":"/tmp","hook_event_name":"PreToolUse"}' \
  | bash ~/.claude/hooks/your-hook.sh
echo "Exit code: $?"

PostToolUse Command Hook

echo '{"tool_name":"Write","tool_input":{"file_path":"src/main.ts"},"tool_result":"File written successfully","hook_event_name":"PostToolUse"}' \
  | bash ~/.claude/hooks/your-hook.sh

SessionStart Command Hook

CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR=/home/user/project \
CLAUDE_ENV_FILE=/tmp/test-env \
bash ~/.claude/hooks/load-project-context.sh

Validate JSON Output

output=$(echo '{"tool_name":"Write","tool_input":{"file_path":"/tmp/test.txt"}}' | bash ~/.claude/hooks/your-hook.sh)
echo "$output" | jq .

Failure Patterns

set -e Trap

set -e is unsafe for hook scripts because a failing command produces exit 1, which is a non-blocking error instead of an intentional block. Use explicit conditionals and explicit exit 2 when blocking is required.

Troubleshooting Checklist

1. jq . ~/.claude/settings.json
2. Restart Claude Code
3. /hooks
4. claude --debug
5. Manual stdin test
6. echo $?
7. jq . on the hook output
8. chmod +x script.sh
9. Verify the shebang is #!/bin/bash
10. Confirm blocking JSON goes to stderr