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Instrument Notation Standard
Reference document for consistent instrument naming across market analysis documents.
Standard Notation Table
| Asset |
Ticker (ETF) |
Ticker (Futures) |
Full Name (EN) |
Japanese |
Notes |
| Gold |
GLD |
GC |
Gold |
金 / ゴールド / 金先物 |
GLD = SPDR Gold Shares ETF; GC = COMEX Gold Futures |
| Silver |
SLV |
SI |
Silver |
銀 |
SLV = iShares Silver Trust; SI = COMEX Silver Futures |
| S&P 500 |
SPY |
ES |
S&P 500 |
S&P500 |
SPY = SPDR S&P 500 ETF; SPX = index; ES = E-mini Futures |
| S&P 500 Index |
-- |
SPX |
S&P 500 Index |
S&P500指数 |
Cash index, not tradable directly |
| Volatility |
-- |
VIX |
CBOE VIX |
恐怖指数 / VIX |
VIX = index; VXX/UVXY = ETPs |
| US Treasuries |
TLT |
ZB |
20+ Year Treasury |
米国債 / 10年債 |
TLT = iShares 20+ Year; ZB = 30Y futures |
| Crude Oil |
USO |
CL |
WTI Crude Oil |
原油 / WTI |
USO = United States Oil Fund; CL = NYMEX WTI Futures |
Digit-Count Hints (Price Scale Validation)
The digit-count hint system validates whether a reported price is in the correct
order of magnitude for a given instrument. It counts the number of digits before
the decimal point.
| Instrument |
Digit Range |
Typical Price Range |
Example Valid |
Example Invalid |
| GLD |
2-3 |
$100 - $999 |
GLD: $268 |
GLD: $2,800 (futures price) |
| GC |
3-4 |
$1,000 - $9,999 |
GC: $2,650 |
GC: $265 (ETF price) |
| SPY |
2-3 |
$100 - $999 |
SPY: $580 |
SPY: $5,800 (index price) |
| SPX |
4-5 |
$1,000 - $99,999 |
SPX: $5,800 |
SPX: $580 (ETF price) |
| VIX |
1-2 |
$1 - $99 |
VIX: $18 |
VIX: $180 |
| TLT |
2-3 |
$10 - $999 |
TLT: $92 |
TLT: $9 |
| SLV |
2-2 |
$10 - $99 |
SLV: $28 |
SLV: $280 |
| SI |
2-2 |
$10 - $99 |
SI: $31 |
SI: $3,100 (total contract) |
| USO |
2-2 |
$10 - $99 |
USO: $72 |
USO: $720 |
| CL |
2-3 |
$10 - $999 |
CL: $78 |
CL: $7 |
Common Mistakes
- ETF/Futures confusion: Labeling a price as GLD when it is actually GC
(gold futures), or vice versa. Gold ETF ~$260 vs Gold Futures ~$2,600.
- Index/ETF confusion: Labeling a price as SPY when it is SPX, or vice
versa. SPY ~$580 vs SPX ~$5,800.
- Per-share vs per-contract: Futures prices are typically per unit (e.g.,
per troy ounce for gold), while ETF prices are per share.
Currency Pair Notation
| Standard |
Alternatives |
Avoid |
| USD/JPY |
USDJPY, ドル円 |
JPY/USD (reversed) |
| EUR/USD |
EURUSD, ユーロドル |
USD/EUR (reversed) |
| GBP/USD |
GBPUSD, ポンドドル |
USD/GBP (reversed) |
Convention: Base currency / Quote currency. The price tells you how many
units of the quote currency you need to buy one unit of the base currency.
Index Notation
| Preferred |
Alternatives |
Context |
| S&P 500 |
S&P500, SP500 |
General references |
| SPX |
S&P 500 Index |
When citing the cash index value |
| SPY |
SPDR S&P 500 ETF |
When citing the ETF price |
| Dow |
DJIA, Dow Jones, DJI |
Dow Jones Industrial Average |
| Nasdaq |
COMP, QQQ, NDX |
Nasdaq Composite (COMP) vs Nasdaq-100 (NDX/QQQ) |
| Russell 2000 |
RUT, IWM |
RUT = index, IWM = ETF |
Commodity Notation
| Commodity |
Futures Ticker |
ETF Ticker |
Japanese |
| Gold |
GC |
GLD, IAU |
金, ゴールド |
| Silver |
SI |
SLV |
銀 |
| Crude Oil (WTI) |
CL |
USO |
原油, WTI |
| Natural Gas |
NG |
UNG |
天然ガス |
| Copper |
HG |
COPX |
銅 |
Best Practices
- Pick one notation per document and use it consistently.
- On first mention, spell out the full name with ticker:
"SPDR Gold Shares (GLD) traded at $268."
- Do not mix ETF and futures tickers for the same asset without
explicit labeling (e.g., "GLD (ETF) vs GC (futures)").
- Japanese documents may use Japanese names, but should include
the ticker on first mention: "金（GLD）は$268で取引。"
