/vercel-optimize

AI application

LLM-backed apps, agents, code-sandbox tools, RAG pipelines. Cost shape is dominated by per-token AI Gateway spend and Sandbox active-compute time, not edge requests or function duration. Many AI customers also have a SaaS surface (auth, dashboards), but the cost lever lives upstream of the dashboard.

Typical billing shape

AI Gateway > Sandbox Active Compute > Function Duration > Function Invocations. Edge Requests usually quiet; ISR rarely applies. Observability Events can climb fast if every tool-call span is captured at full fidelity.

Priority patterns

1. Provider failover. Configure AI Gateway with an active-active fallback chain across providers (OpenAI + Anthropic, or model-family pairs). Critical-path agents must not be single-provider — a 429 from one provider becomes a user-visible outage otherwise. Field example: MELI runs homegrown active-active routing because retry-on-error against a single provider degraded their NLP-on-support flow.
2. OIDC keyless auth, not explicit API keys. In production, use the AI Gateway OIDC binding so requests are signed by deployment identity. In local dev, vercel env run -- <cmd> rotates OIDC each run. An explicit AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY in repo env vars is a regression — it bypasses keyless and creates a long-lived secret.
3. Sandbox reuse over per-request Sandbox.create. Each fresh sandbox costs at least 1 minute of billed compute (boot + teardown rounded up). When isolation isn't required (single-tenant agents, shared workspaces), pool sandboxes by name (sandbox.get(name)) — auto-snapshot on death + auto-resume on next get is the persistence model.
4. after() / waitUntil() for tool logging. Tool-call telemetry, audit writes, and analytics should never block the user response. Use after() (Next 15+) or waitUntil() from @vercel/functions for any write that doesn't affect the streamed response.
5. Fluid Compute for JIT/process warmth. Streaming LLM responses benefit from warm processes; the GraphQL/Apollo JIT cache + persisted-document plans only pay back when processes survive across requests. Fluid is the default; disabling it on AI workloads is almost always wrong.

Frequent gotchas

• Single-provider lock-in. "We're using AI Gateway" doesn't imply failover — the provider list still has to be configured. A single-provider gateway is a thinner wrapper, not multi-provider resilience.
• Sandbox-per-request. new Sandbox(...) inside a per-request handler with no id argument creates a fresh microVM each time. Cheaper to pool when isolation allows.
• BYOK fallback cost invisible. AI Gateway with BYOK silently falls back to system credits on 429 / provider outage; cost migrates from "free BYOK" to "billed credits" without a separate signal unless tracked.
• Observability Events runaway. Captured every tool call + every streamed delta at 100% sampling — events SKU climbs above 30% of bill. Cap span cardinality before scaling traffic.

Cross-references

• external-api-critical-path — sequential vs parallel calls; AI Gateway is one external API among others
• fluid-compute-caveats — module-state hazards and shared-instance caveats
• function-duration-io-and-after — after() for post-response tool logging
• observability-events-cost-attribution — when Observability Events climb above 20% of bill
• use-cache-remote-shared-origin-data — caching shared LLM context or embedding lookups
• https://vercel.com/docs/ai-gateway — provider configuration, failover chain
• https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox — sandbox.get(name) and active-compute billing